The market risk premium is one of the most important parameters in finance. Its value and the ways to calculate a risk premium for the market is a widely debated subject. This thesis examines numerous ways of calculating a risk premium for the Swedish market with regard to how good an estimation they make of a real risk premium. Estimations based on historical periods ranging from 20 to 85 years is calculated as well as a premium based on forward-looking estimates. The real risk premium is solved out for a selection of companies and an index with the help of CAPM.

Hur resonerar potentiella kunder kring inköp av produkten som ens företag tillhandahåller? En av de främsta frågorna hos en marknadsförare, men också en fråga som är aktuell i vår marknadsekonomi i stort. Konsumentbeteende är därför ett givet fält inom företagsekonomin. Men hur går det till när konsumenten är ett företag? Vilka aspekter är viktiga och varför? Vilka marknadsföringsinsatser bör genomföras utifrån denna adderade förståelse? Det är utgångspunkten för denna uppsats.

Although previous research conclude that mergers and acquisitions do not always lead to improved profitability or increased shareholder return, the number and size of M&A?s is steadily increasing. In this thesis we examine why an acquirer pays a price higher than the market value. Can accounting data explain the size of the premium? 618 European transactions between 1997 and 2008 are examined and relationships between the targets? accounting data and the premium is analysed through statistical regressions.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att diskutera det så kallade equity premium puzzle. Jaganalyserar teoretiskt den intertemporala konsumtionsbaserade CAPM (C-CAPM),sammanställer en del av litteraturdiskussionen som finns på området samt empiriskttestar C-CAPM på svensk data. Fenomenet equity premium puzzle innebär attöveravkastningen på aktier är så stor att det inte stämmer med den ekonomiska teorin.Enligt teorin beror C-CAPMs riskpremie på kovariansen mellan konsumtionen ochaktieavkastningen. Litteraturen visar att forskare inte har lyckats förklara equitypremium puzzle genom att ändra antagandena i grundmodellen. Den empiriskaundersökningen visar att equity premium puzzle även uppkommer på svensk data..

En analys av komediserien Seinfeld där jag söker efter postmoderna tendenser i handling, manus och karaktärer för att besvara min frågeställning: Vad är identitet enligt Seinfeld som TV-serie?.

Intention: The purpose of this thesis is to see if an active investment decision in the Swedish Premium Pension System would result in a higher return than a non-active investment decision. A non-active investment decision is equivalent to leaving the money in AP7 Premium Savings Fund.Method: This thesis is a statistical analysis and has a descriptive character in which the calculations are based on secondary data, thus the thesis has a quantitative character. Furthermore three active portfolios in different risk categories have been chosen. These portfolios are compared with the AP7 Premium Savings Fund?s returns.

This study compare if there is any differences between Fairtrade certified and uncertified coffee producers in Aceh Tengah, Indonesia. The aim was to compare the way the two groups of farmers produces their coffee and see if there were any differences between them, income, post harvest, production etc. During a visit in the district of Aceh Tengah, producers from both groups were given a questionnaire with questions about their farm and their production. The results of the questionnaires showed that the certified producers felt they had benefits being a part of a certified cooperative. Even with the experienced benefits the certified cooperatives gave the connected producers, like agronomy consultation and workshops the uncertified producers had a higher income from the coffee per hectare. This study also indicated that introduction and presence of Fairtrade and the connection to the world market Fairtrade brings with it, has gained the entire area, for example with more stabile coffee prices..

Personer med kognitiva nedsättningar tillhör en av de största grupperna av funktionsnedsatta personer. Premium Comai är ett hjälpmedel för att hjälpa personer med kognitiva nedsättningar att bli mer självständiga i deras vardag. Denna målgrupp har framförallt svårigheter med de exekutiva funktionerna så till exempel att minnas saker de ska genomföra eller att uppfatta hur lång tid aktiviteter tar. Denna studie undersöker hur användandet av en digital kalender som hjälpmedel för personer med kognitiva nedsättningar ser ut och hur användare av upplever hjälpmedlet, om de upplever att det hjälper dem planera sin tid och att komma ihåg. För att undersöka detta intervjuades användare av Premium Comai, där intervjutekniken var semistrukturerade intervjuer.

Identification and analysis of key success factors for an entrepreneurial firm to achieve leverage when establishing on a foreign market with a premium consumer product..

This thesis aims to investigate the voting premium for companies differentiating voting rights between share classes on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. The voting premium represents the value of a vote attached to the share. The voting premium can be estimated from the price premium between two listed share classes with differentiated voting rights. Rydqvist's dissertation (1987) serves as a model for this study which investigates whether the theory of the so called "oceanic games", along with a proxy variable for cost of control, can predict the voting premium during 2010-2012. To the original model developed by Rydqvist, control variables for differences in liquidity between share classes are added to investigate for an increase in the explanatory power.

This thesis explores some issues regarding estimations of the cost of capital on the Stockholm Stock Exchange through reverse engineering of the Residual Income Valuation model and through usage of the Capital Asset Pricing Model. Previous studies are in conflict of whether the risk premium changes considerably over time or not. Furthermore, the risk premium estimated by CAPM tends to be fairly stable. In this study, reverse engineering of the cost of capital implied by analysts? forecasts shows a significant difference in the risk premium over time.

A1278Undersökningen behandlar Premium Wines vinklubb och ger förslag på hur den kan utvecklas med hjälp av de två första stegen i Stephan Butschers trestegsmodell. Lojalitetsprogram blir alltmer populära, men för ett alkoholimportföretag som det undersökta gäller andra förutsättningar då man begränsas av lagstiftningen. Därför gäller det att förlita sig på bra förmåner med högt uppskattat värde hos medlemmarna istället för enbart monetära förmåner.Premium Wines kundklubb har kartlagts genom intervjuer med klubbens Chief Inspector, som även medverkat i en brainstormingsession för att få fram möjliga förmåner. Därefter har en enkät med poängsättning av förmånerna besvarats av klubbmedlemmar under en vinprovning.Premium Wines nuvarande förmåner fick höga poäng, liksom ett antal av dem som tidigare övervägts. En vidareutveckling av klubben, som startade 2003, är planerad, och de områden företaget bör koncentrera sig på är förutom förmånerna rekrytering av nya medlemmar, datainsamling, kommunikation med medlemmarna och olika sätt att få intäkter från klubben..

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate if there was a difference in the tear film?s osmolarity before and after drinking coffee. 'Method: All subjects in this study were asked to fill in a questionnaire to diagnose factors in their subjective symptoms, the questionnaire TERTC-DEQ. The subjects with a total graduated points of over 17 were not allowed to participate in the further measurements. In the study there was a total amount of 38 subjects, were 5 participated twice for both measurements, coffee and water.

It is important, for companies operating on a homogeneous product market, to understand and adapt to customer needs. Since coffee is a homogeneous product in food retail it is vital for coffee companies to work extensively with differentiation and the fierce competition. The prevailing homogenity makes it difficult for companies to develop the product itself and must therefore work to create added value to the product.The purpose of this thesis is to carry out a study on consumer decision-making when purchasing homogeneous products, and to examine how companies work to strengthen their brand and gain market share in a homogeneous product market. The market that this thesis highlights is the coffee market.To answer the purpose of this thesis the writers have conducted a questionnaire survey regarding consumers? decision-making process and interviewed two marketing managers for two major actors on the coffee market.

This thesis aims to evaluate the concept of Uncovered Interest Parity. The parity states that the logarithmic difference between domestic and foreign interest rate equals the logarithmic difference between expected future spot exchange rate and the spot exchange rate, . In defining the exchange rate it is often presumed that the parity relation prevails even though several studies suggest the opposite. Numerous economists maintain that the theory?s shortcomings can be explained through the existence of a Risk Premium.